Introduction to Chart Projections Because a cartographer cannot transfer a sphere to a flat surface without distortion, he must project the surface of a sphere onto a developable surface. A developable surface is one that can be flattened to form a plane. This process is known as chart projections. If points on the surface of …
We as navigating officers must always aim at safe navigation. Navigational warnings are among those tools to inform mariners of any event concerning the navigational safety of ships. Navigational warnings provide early information of important incidents which may constitute a danger to navigation. Many navigational warnings are of a temporary nature, but others remain in …
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Introduction Part 1 of this guide covered most of the topics related to ENCs like official ENCs, attributes of an ENC, recognizing an official , IHO standards, presentation library and more. The link for the part 1 attached below ENC contains all the chart information necessary for safe navigation and may contain supplementary information in …
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Introduction Magnetic Compass is a means of finding direction onboard the ship. It is fitted on monkey island above ship’s bridge. It is fitted along the center line of ship. It does not need any power nor satellites to work. Ideally, the compass should be installed on the vessel’s centre line so that deviating magnetic …
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What are official charts ? Charts and ENCs issued by or on the authority of a Government, authorized Hydrographic Office or other relevant government institutions are official and may be used to fulfill carriage requirements (provided they are kept up to date).All other nautical charts are by definition not official and are often referred to …
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This article focuses on condensing all the information that is required to be known for anyone appearing exams, when it comes to LRIT. Introduction The Long-Range Identification and Tracking (LRIT) system provides for the global identification and tracking of ships to enhance security of shipping and for the purposes of safety and marine environment protection. …
10 December 2021 For centuries, mariners have utilized myriad assets to navigate the world’s seas and oceans safely. Compasses, radar, echo sounders, Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, signals, the ship’s whistle and the very skies above have all been used to navigate andto ensure safe passage. But in the new world from AI navigation, E-Navigation …
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Introduction 30 November 2021 First and foremost, this article isn’t just about chart datum but also about geodetic datum. Although the concept of datum is more deeply explored by people and organizations involved in surveys and research, the basic knowledge of the concept of “datum” is expected of a mariner. So if someone asks you, …
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Introduction What is ODAS? An ocean data acquisition system (ODAS) is a set of instruments deployed at sea to collect as much meteorological and oceanographic data as possible. With their sensors, these systems deliver data both on the state of the ocean itself and the surrounding lower atmosphere. The use of microelectronics and technologies with …